Optical Network

   Today, fiber-optic networks are distinguished by their high and reliable data throughput over the longest distances. They are used to connect continents to each other, and the vast majority of the internet is based on fiber-optic networks. Currently, organizations also widely use this technology to set up their internal networks. Another positive aspect of fiber-optic technology is the low cost and light weight of the cable. A single strand of fiber-optic cable can transmit terabits of data per second. However, its weak point can be considered the fragility of the optical fiber. It can break or lose its transmission capability if bent too sharply. For this reason, the cable's sheath is made as durable as possible, and in some cases, it is even armored. For example, cables laid on the ocean floor are characterized by a high level of protection against both tension and pressure. Most modern network equipment has the capability to connect an optical cable using the appropriate type of interfaces. Technologically, optical fibers are divided into two categories: single-mode and multi-mode. A disadvantage of multi-mode fiber is its short transmission distance; the maximum length can be up to 800 meters. In the case of single-mode fiber, however, the distances are much greater, potentially reaching hundreds of kilometers. An optical fiber strand consists of two layers. The diameter of the outer layer (cladding) is approximately 125 micrometers, while the diameter of the inner core is approximately 9 micrometers for single-mode and approximately 50 micrometers for multi-mode. One of the weaknesses of optical technology can be considered the complexity of splicing the fiber. Due to its dimensions, it requires high-tech, precise, and expensive splicing equipment.